Introduction.

Introduction

 My family research began with an interest in William Henry Wise, my paternal great-grandfather. A newspaper clipping that described how he had laid the first turf at the WACA cricket ground in Perth Western Australia had my attention. In the year 2008, I was tidying up after moving house and rediscovered the article that was given to me by my mother ten years before.  Having no other pressing commitments at the time, and having set up a cozy study area in a new home; I commenced my amazing journey of discovery.
     Over the past years since rediscovering that newspaper clipping, I have discovered new facts about my great-grandfather William.  His occupation in England was Estate Manager, he immigrated to Western Australia from England with his family in the year 1880 and was in service to Sir George Shenton. William was the personal gardener to Sir George, and they had travelled out to Perth Western Australia the year prior, to their permanent immigration. Establishing that they and their families would do well in moving to Western Australia, indeed they lived full and successful lives and are now the Ancestors of many people living in Western Australia today.
     As a boy, I discovered that William served in the Westminster Boys Choir and had a good singing voice well into his adult years. 

Furthermore, I have discovered he was known to have had a photographic memory, was born in Winchester England 1846 and died in Perth 1931, and was laid to rest with his wife Julia Anne Hutchins at Karrakatta Cemetery Perth Western Australia.

I have added a great deal more to what I know of my great-grandfather, William in the years post 2008. 

Successfully researched and recorded almost 48,000 individual family members, and discovered some of their wonderful life stories. 
     Stories are the backbone of family research, they bring our past family history to life and give us a connection to our ancestors.  I’ve taken great steps to uncover and record stories that I have found to be associated with my family members, making research an exciting and rewarding journey of discovery.

Having the dedication to research, read and record honestly without judgment is the most important quality a family historian can have. In my research I have not shied away from documenting facts that may be perceived as good or not so good, to give a rich understanding of an Ancestors life. In the year 2016, I managed to for-fill a research task, to discover the birth, death, and burial place of my sister Mary, who remained an unspoken mystery in my family for all my prior life.

By pursuing the relevant records and paying a small fee I was able to extract birth, death, and burial records of Mary; three days before what would have been her eightieth birthday.

For whatever reason Mary’s life remained un-spoken of, for all those years, she now has a recognised gravesite and a plaque to acknowledge her place in the family. My reward, is knowing that her surviving family members are visiting her grave and leaving flowers, what more could a family historian wish for?

Mary Bond

I was able to discover intricate details about my sister from her records, she was born a little prematurely and lived for two days, she was born  8 April 1932 at a Midwife's nursing post, Donnybrook Western Australia.

How much we dig and how much we record is up to the individual researcher, remember there are no shortcuts but some research information comes through easier at times.

Military records can be very rewarding for the beginner in family research, as they are usually available from National Military Archives of your country of residence and available for download to your computer or mailed to you as hard copies for a reasonable fee. Full military records are usually on offer and will in most cases give you a very clear picture as to your relative's time in service. You may also expect to see a full health medical record of your relative while they were enlisted. If you find you're not able to locate a record for your relative in a Military database then try simplifying your search to first or Surname, a record may be unavailable because it is still to be Digitised. 

Knowing how to get information from a database is the key to your success and if all seems to be failing contacting the database by phone or Email is an option.

Newspaper records can be searched, at national archives and you will be very surprised at what was printed in local and national newspapers about your family members. 

Back in the early nineteen hundreds, the local newspaper was your equivalent of Facebook where anyone or almost anything was reported in the local rag. I have gathered a trove of newspaper reports on both my Paternal and Maternal family lines over the years, which gives me an amazing insight into their daily lives. In some cases you may be able to go to the towns and streets where the family was living when an article or articles were published, to get even closer to them at that time; That’s Magic. 

Google Maps and Street View is an excellent tool to use if you're unable to travel to a past family residential location, I use this tool frequently when researching my U.K. family's past. Amazingly, one hundred years on we can go see a Street View of our Ancestor's residence today.

Marriage, birth, death, and census records are our primary search tools for information regarding our ancestors, but I can also recommend published journals, books, and lineage files.

We should never forget the family stories, handed down through generations, though bear in mind they may become a little obscure over time. I had such a story to unravel of my paternal grandfather having a mail run he did on horseback that took him 3 days to complete, and that he at a later time used a belt-driven motorcycle to do another mail run. Government mail delivery contract records gave me all the information to confirm that my grandfather indeed had a mail delivery contract on horseback and then a contract to be delivered by belt-driven vehicle, from 1922.

Furthermore, I can get into my car and go drive what was his mail run, around the back blocks of Kirup Western Australia.

Confirmation of what was just an obscure handed down story to have been fact is always my passion for accurate family history research. We call it following the paper trail, and to me, it is the most rewarding skill a family historian can have, because without it; a researcher is simply groping around in the dark. People who research without taking account of the facts that the paper trail can give us, risk the researcher's nightmare of presenting wrong information. If presenting your research to your family or out into the public domain, as we can do so easily nowadays in Social Media, you would want to be accurate in what is being presented. I believe our family history is out there in the paper trail (public records' domain) for us to sift through and discover, I also believe some of us are more patient and more thorough at doing this research, therefore more successful than others at presenting good quality reliable research. So there we have it, patients and thoroughness equal good quality reliable research.

There are numerous family research platforms out there on the Internet, one of which runs an extensive advertising campaign for family tree building and DNA testing.

All offer high-quality research opportunities for the new and advanced family historian, but it should be pointed out, that it is so easy and tempting for the new researcher to just copy or adopt other people's research, and use it as your own work. But it's not your work, and you now have the task of verifying their research to see if it applies to your family. Some years back in the earlier days of my family tree building. I discovered a gentleman in the United States who had my father in his family tree; by way of his father, my grandfather in my Bond family line. At the time I remember thinking, this is interesting I need to contact this person and bookmark his tree, we must be related.

I sent him a friendly message, Hi, How are you related to my family, in the Ancestry messaging system, and went back to my family research; after some weeks passed by, I found myself back in his family tree looking at my father's and my grandfather's information and noticed that information had expanded to include my mother my first, second and third great-grand pedants. My father now had multiple marriages and apparently lived in the USA at some time, all completely wrong information. At this point, it is a sickening feeling when you realise that someone is researching and publishing miss information about your family member and probably barking up the wrong tree.

Over the next months that followed, I was able to make contact with this person and inform them of the mistakes that had been made in their research and documenting my family history, and they kindly removed the miss information and conceded that the research methods he used were not trustworthy for others to follow.

Birth, baptism, or christening dates, can be a stumbling block if you don’t take into account; that events can take place days, months, or years from the other, and you need to be aware of which event date your recording, and which date belongs to what event. Mixing, or just getting these dates in the wrong order will only confuse yourself or any person viewing your research. Death, burial, and probate dates can also be miss con strewed for the other by the inexperienced researcher. Remain aware of how dates may not fall into line as expected in all situations. I discovered a christening record for an uncle in London England, on inspection of all persons christened that day I found that three siblings and a cousin were also christened at this time, I call this finding a gold nugget record.

Never assume that a person went through life using the name on their birth record, it is not uncommon for people to adopt the use of a nickname or use their middle name in place of their christian name. They will often use this name in legal documents, such as marriage and military records. Name variations can take the known form; Bill-William, Bob-Robert, Len-Leonard, Viv-Vivian, Meg-Margaret are commonplace name variations in my family. I went through life thinking my father's name was Len-Leonard, then discovered his christian name was Cyril.

Family researching can be enlightening. In my family we have the name Vivian, my brother has the name Vivian Leonard Bond and my uncle, Robert Vivian Bond, before researching my family history there was no thought given to how the name came to be in the family, by me at least. In the early months of my research, I discovered that my first great paternal grandmother was in fact Annie Maria Vivian, her father was David Vivian, a master mariner possibly lost at sea. I soon discovered early in my research that a family historian can often find that there may be something in a name after all. In more recent times through the combination of following the paper trail and applying DNA conformation, I have discovered that there are families of  Bonds in the USA also using the Vivian name connecting to Annie Maria Vivian through her sons, and siblings to Harry Bond my grandfather. So I can show with my research that my Grandfather, who came out to Australia, and his brothers who went to the USA, named their children with their mother's maiden names, as Christian or given names. James Robert Bond my first Great grandfather and husband to Annie Maria is also recognised through names of male children, grand and great-grandchildren. We all may find that, name repetition is very common in our families. Whilst thinking of repetition, I would like to also bring to the attention of the reader, the fact that occupations may also run in a family. My Bonds are of London England, and I have been on a fantastic journey of discovery in my years of researching them. There are Watermen and Lightermen, Merchants, Clerks, Warehouse owners, Shipwrights, and Lord Mayors of London. All my findings are extremely well documented in archival records. And I continue to discover new facts that cement confirmation of my research.

Discovering people in your family who have had a searchable paper trail laid down during their lives is very exciting, Watermen and Lightermen records are available at Ancestry and at the Guildhall London, past Lord Mayors of London have been documented as historical fact and available for our information online. 

A popular topic nowadays is DNA testing and applying your test result to your Ancestry. DNA is only a small part of being a successful researcher and finding a cousin in a far-off corner of the world is not going to give you any of the fine detail of how you are both related, or how you both came to be living so far apart. Combining your DNA testing and your records research material will give you a rich true and accurate picture of your relationship. I always strive to build as much of a personal story as I am able for each ancestor between myself and a DNA-matched cousin, may seem like a lot of work; but that's me. 

There are many DNA platforms out there and knowing which one to use for your family tree building can be confusing, for Ancestry DNA is my preferred choice of platform, for ease of use. I have my DNA profile on most other platforms as well, to get information that Ancestry DNA does not give me, like Ancient DNA matches, not that I add them into my family tree. I find it interesting knowing that I have a DNA connection to a three-thousand-year-old tooth from an archaeological site in Europe.

At my Ancestry DNA profile, I have more than fifty-five thousand matches, of those I have successfully contacted, confirmed, and place fifty of them into my family tree, we are all in contact from time to time, and my newfound cousins from around the world enjoy access to a rich and detailed account to our relationship, my reward is their appreciation of my work.

I should mention that I don’t have the one single DNA kit connected to my Ancestry account, but I have 6 other family members DNA attached, 7 in total. Giving me a very broad and objective view of all my DNA connections.

A large number of my DNA matches are probably tests taken by people who received a test kit as a gift, therefore I believe there are varying levels of interest in actually tracing their family history. For this reason, I know I will never know who all my matches are, and that's ok; I will continue searching for  DNA matches and for people actively working in their family trees. Remembering that a DNA match is not necessarily a silver bullet when finding the family. Confirmation through paper records and vice versa is highly recommended for an accurate match.

I also use the Gedmatch DNA platform, for finding DNA matches with people who do not show up as a DNA match on my Ancestry DNA. These matches are far more distant than what Ancestry DNA is capable of showing me and give me confirmation of my Deep Ancestry connections.

In my paternal Bond family I have successfully connected to the Acton family of Aldenham Park, Morville Shropshire, England; through my third Great grandmother Sarah Acton and her marriage to William Bond. I consider ancestors such as William and Sarah Bond/Acton as key ancestors because they led me to such, rich and rewarding discoveries in my family research. Each new ancestor we find has the potential to open up a new avenue of discovery, which adds to our family history research. Through the marriage of William Bond and Sarah Acton, there are several grand and great-grandchildren named after Sarah's maiden name Acton, possibly giving over to the Acton-Bond name we see today. This is my opinion, judging from my research, there are some Acton-Bonds in my family, first being John Acton Bond, 1782 to 1870, (no notoriety); a son to William and Sarah and husband to Phoebe Harris. Secondly Charles Acton Bond, 1839 to 1913, grandchild to William and Sarah, and son to William Robert Bond and Elizabeth Pepper my second great grandparents. Charles Acton Bond with his wife Sarah Bonnick named seven of their eight children Acton Bond, who in turn used the name for their children giving over to the use of the Acton-Bond name and some amount of notoriety.

Finding notoriety in the family can be very helpful, in opening doors to what you may know about the person you are researching, As it was with William Henry Wise, I was able to build an extensive understanding of how he and his family lived. I have found an abundance of information about many other family members over the years since then, that gives them a rich portfolio of traceable notoriety, that I can, and love to share with the family. Given that I have connected with a considerable number of families around the world through the paper trail and now the DNA connections, at DNA platforms I find there is intrinsic interest in what I find and share.

What is a first cousin? What does ‘removed’ mean?

Cousin: Your first cousins are the people in your family who have two of the same grandparents as you.

Second Cousin: Your second cousins are the people in your family who have the same great-grandparents as you but not the same grandparents.

Third, Fourth and Fifth Cousins: Your third cousins have the same great-great-grandparents, fourth cousins have the same great-great-great-grandparents, etc.

Removed: When the word “removed” is used to describe a relationship it indicates that the two people are from different generations. You and your first cousins are in the same generation (two generations younger than your grandparents) so the word “removed” is NOT used to describe your relationship.

The words “once removed” mean that there is a difference of one generation. For example, your mother’s first cousin is your first cousin, once removed. This is because your mother’s first cousin is one generation younger than your grandparents and you are two generations younger than your grandparents. This one-generation difference equals “once-removed.”

Twice removed means that there is a two-generation difference. You are two generations younger than a first cousin of your grandmother, so you and your grandmother’s first cousin are first cousins, twice removed.

My Bond family ancestors have shown me the way into their lives through conventional newspaper articles, census records, and ancestry records research platforms. But most importantly I have enjoyed the benefits of having found  historical lineage and  peerage documentation, publications; 

The story of the Bonds of Earth. By Allen Kerr Bond, Ancestry of the Acton Family, Burke’s Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage by Bernard Burke and John Burke and The Plantagenet's: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England. By Dan Jones. 

Plus many more, including the living individuals who have made constructive observations over the years of my research and bothered to make contact with me and not blindly copying my work.

At the Beginning

At the beginning of my research back in the late nineteen eighties, after having that chat with my mother, and she gave me the newspaper clipping. There was a limited amount of further information she was able to give me about my Paternal line. That being my grandfather Harry Bond had a street named after him in Donnybrook Western Australia, (Bond street) in recognition of the fact that he had been involved in the building of shire buildings. She also shared that I had a paternal family connection to Bond street in London England through a distant family member, that I came from a long line of shipbuilders and that the photo that had been hanging in the bathroom for many years was in fact my first great grandmother Annie.

Shortly after receiving this information, I purchased a family tree building program on a floppy disk and commenced entering my limited family information offline. Forward to 23 March 2009, I signed up to Ancestry out of frustration of not being able to access the outdated floppy disk, almost twenty years had passed. Since joining Ancestry my success at finding past family members and their records has been a phenomenal success.

Both my parents passed before I commenced my serious genealogical researching and I regret not having the tools on offer that have made my researching so successful during their lifetimes. It was as if my ancestors were there with me, jumping out from my computer screen; waving their hands about, it's me, it's me.

Lock me in I belong in your family, and of course, after confirmation, I would enter them, and very likely dig even more into their records as much as possible. I learned very early that it paid dividends to be a sleuth, even a super sleuth mindset came in very handy on many occasions. I knew very little about my father's military life during the second world war, other than he served in the Northern region of Western Australia. I now know he was a Corporal cook based in Broome W. A. and was involved in running an Army mess restaurant for the local townspeople. I remember he did say the best job in the Army is to be a Cook because all the men respect you, no matter their rank. 

If they expected a nice meal from him to get them through the day, they needed to be respectful.

National War Memorial/Corp Len Bond.

 I was learning many new incites about all my family members as I found new facts about their lives at the beginning of my family tree building, re-discovering their personalities, and indeed still do today. The Ancestry platform was very helpful and easy to use, the shaky leaf hints were easy to scrutinise for accuracy and except or delete as applying to the person or not.

A fact that I believe stopped me from starting my online family researching earlier was probably the cost of the subscription fee. But I subscribed for twelve months for my first year of research and that stretched out to almost three years subscription, I was a full-time researcher. People ask how do you get such a large concise tree? My reply is to research every day for three or more years, straight. Still to this day, it is an unusual day if I do not check in to my Ancestry account.

I often hear people complain, they can’t get anywhere with the record hints at Ancestry, but on further inquiry, I usually find they are not paying a subscription. I figured out some years past that I can only get anywhere if I pay the subscription fee and turn it on or off as I wish, as I now do.  

I have studied family history and graduated in family history research, costing me more than three years of study time, university fees, and graduation costs. I now view Ancestry subscription as a very minimal cost for excellent results. 

For the cost of nothing we usually only get nothing, and I am so pleased that I recognized this fact at the beginning of my research; albeit twenty years after my mother gave me her account of my paternal family line.

From the beginning I have reached out to people who are researching the same people like myself and enjoy their input and perspective of our family history, we are all researching at different levels of experience and capability, therefore I except that not everyone has the same view in finding all the facts deep into the family as I do. They may be perfectly happy tracing the family back three to four generations, were as I'm happier going back forty plus generations. To go back so far you need to have proven documentation and in the case of my paternal family bloodline, there is a plethora of proven documentation; that will be referred to later.

 I knew nothing of my paternal grand and great-grandparents past their names Harry Bond and Kate Elizabeth Wise, William Henry Wise and Julia Anne Hutchins, and the information from the newspaper clipping. With new facts about my grandparent's parents coming through, I was becoming very much aware that I was on the edge of an amazing journey of discovery.

How many of us ever give any great thought to our grandparents past our first, second, or third great grandparents, I didn’t, before I got into my family lines. I only ever had grandmother Kate Elizabeth in my life as a child, and I was very much aware that most other children had more than one, most had two, three, or four grandparents. Therefore I believe that to be why I cherished her company as a child, I knew at my young age that my other paternal and also my maternal grandparents had passed, I am so grateful today for the time that Kate and I had together back in my childhood. I knew nothing of Harry Bond's parents so for all my life my paternal Bond family stopped at my grandfather Harry. How many grandparents did I know of? My two paternal grandparents Harry and Kate = 2, and Kate’s parents William Henry and Julia Anne = 4, add my two maternal grandparents that I knew of at the beginning and there is a total of 6 grandparents I was able to enter into my family tree. Forward today, I have found Harry's parents James Robert Bond and Annie Maria Vivian = 8, James Robert’s parents and Annie Maria’s parents = 10, are we beginning to see the picture? Keep adding the parents of your great grandparents and you soon have not ten grandparents but potentially tens of thousands of grandparents, also including your maternal grandparent line.

Why would any seine person want to research thousands of people they never knew? Good question, just call me crazy because; I’ve gone back as far as my fortieth grandparents in my paternal Bond family line. We should be able to double the number of ancestors in each generation (two parents, four grandparents, and so on) for 10 generations we may see 4,096 grandparents, for 20 generations we may see 4,194,304, for 30 generations we may see 4,294,967,296 and going back 40 generations we may see more than Two Trillion ancestors. This in no way means that I have Two Trillion ancestors in my Bond family bloodline because, as I discovered in my first two years of working on my ancestry I found that I have multiple relationships with the same person. It’s called pedigree collapse, and I was pleased to discover it is a natural phenomenon when working ten or more generations back. There are articles written about and charts calculating your ancestors and ancestral collapse, and freely available for the individual to study. The subject of multiple relationships and ancestral collapse will raise itself again as we go back into my Bond line. But for now, I can reveal that I have three paternal and one maternal relationship too, Robert 1 the Magnificent De Normandy Duke King 1000 -1035, and three paternal relationships to William 1 the Conqueror. Not too many family historians will arrive at ten generations let alone go past that number as it can be an arduous journey, of hours at a computer screen for days, weeks, or months on end to find that you have been stopped in your tracks by what we call a brick wall. I still have brick walls in some of my family lines, after all these years. Thankfully my brick walls haven’t prevented me from making outstanding discoveries, which I get great pleasure in sharing with family members and budding family historians. For every brick wall, we come across, there may be a dozen or more lines without brick walls so I pursue these lines and chip away at the troublesome brick walls occasionally. This way I get satisfaction from successful research and not frustration from lack of forward movement. The marriage of William Bond to Sarah Acton has been a boon to my forward movement, at the beginning, their research led me to a small introduction to the richer more historically significant records in my family. Their Marriage, 02/05/1786. Lewisham St Paul, Deptford England. St Paul's Deptford was consecrated in 1730 and designed by Thomas Archer in his usual Roman Baroque style, in the year 2000 the east end was damaged by fire, where some stained glass was lost. Today if we were to enter the main doors of St Paul's we would still be able to appreciate the historic significance of the building to the family. There are photographs of the interior online for the family to enjoy, who can not visit in person. Though it is going on three hundred years since their marriage we are still able to get a very clear and almost palpable understanding of their marriage day, within our imagination. From the very beginning since joining Ancestry, I have had an almost unquenchable desire to get into my family's everyday lives by scrutinising aspects and facts in their records. I encourage all family historians to not just document the record but also the facts behind the place where the event took place to add an enriched insight into their lives. Sarah’s father was John Acton and her mother was Sarah Ann Badcock, their marriage was also at the same St Paul, Deptford England as Sarah and William Bond in the year 21/5/1765, which adds more reason to look into the history of St Paul, Deptford. I was able to discover that John Acton my fourth great grandfather was a lighterman/pilot at Deptford Royal Dockyard. Deptford Dockyard has a history of being the major war shipbuilding and maintenance docks to the Royal Navy for a period of three hundred years, founded in 1513 by King Henry VIII. Facts such as these give me a tremendous amount of satisfaction and enjoyment for hours on end in researching and documenting material into family records.

Over the years I have searched for the origin of the Bond family name. I found there are two accounts as to the origin of the Bond sir name that I have come across, and being of Norman (Viking) descent I favour the first, choose your account.

Norse: It is said that there are many Bonds listed in the Domesday book in many counties of England, and being large landholders to each of their rights. There is also a mention of Le Bonde who is said to have come to England from Normandy at the time of the conquest. It is now common knowledge amongst family historians that the name Bond was not originally a family name. But a designation, class; of Norse landholders. “The old Norse Bonde was the highest man in position after the Earl. He is the freeholder of land responsible to none other than the Earl.”

English: A status name for a peasant farmer or husbandman, Middle English bonde (Old English bonda, bunda, reinforced by Old Norse bóndi). The Old Norse word was also in use as a personal name, and this has given rise to other English and Scandinavian surnames alongside those originating as status names. The status of the peasant farmer fluctuated considerably during the Middle Ages; moreover, the underlying Germanic word is of disputed origin and meaning. Among Germanic peoples who settled to an agricultural life, the term came to signify a farmer holding lands, and bound by loyalty to a lord; from this developed the sense of a free landholder as opposed to a serf. In England, after the Norman Conquest, the word sank in status and became associated with the notion of bound servitude.  

Two very similar accounts of the origin of the Bond sir name that both confirm a Norman origin, ether high ranking or lower-ranking freehold landowner. From the beginning, I learned that there may be more than one interpretation of history, and to save one's sanity it may be best to accept a blend of interpretations.

However, the blending of historical interpretations may be viewed as mythology. 

The times before and after the conquest of England 1066 by William 1de Normandy is a subject that is more than well documented and recorded in history, by many historians over the years since the conquest. In fact, there are artifacts such as the Bayeux Tapestry that give a true, accurate account of historical fact. And just like the birth, marriage, or death records of our family members, we can turn to these records to glean information about our family history. There is no mythology in the events depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry, and your family records should be able to give you the same security in being historical fact. Every family ancestor we research has the potential to have an interesting tale to be told, either through oral family history or documented historical fact. We should see our family historian role as being a guardian and recorder, of the truth in the stories we discover along our journey's path, discovering our family history. Irrespective of the amount of notoriety we find in each ancestor. The two-day life of my sister Mary Bond is as significant as any other King, Queen, or Conqueror in the Bond bloodline. In all my years of family discoveries. I have found that the Bond family bloodline consists of common people, historical leaders of societies, merchants of London, noble baronets Kings and Queens of Europe. There is immigration to Australia, Canada, United States, and India, all culminating into a rich and wonderful backdrop to a compelling story which I will be sharing with you in my forward writing. 

Genealogy, for most of us, is a hobby; and aspiring to discover great things is not on our list of achievements. But if by chance one day we stumble upon a family member who did a great thing or a not-so-great thing but still a thing of notoriety, embrace it and record it as honestly and actually as you can for those who follow.

Noel L Bond.

DipFamHistUtas

Recommended reading:

Climbing your Family Tree, by Jacqueline Peake.

The family Tree Toolkit, by Kenyatta D. Berry.

Genealogy on Line for Dummies, by Matthew L Helm.

Genealogy, by Helen Osborn.

How to Interpret your DNA Test Results, by Anne Hart.

The Genealogists Internet, by Peter Christian. 

The Family Tree Problem Solver, by Marsha Hoffmam Rising.

The Psychology of Family History, by Susan More, Doreen Rosenthal & Rebecca Robinson.

Advanced Genealogy Research Techniques, by George G Morgan & Drew Smith. 

Genetic Ancestry and Social Identities, by Victoria Jae Malus.

Who Do You Think You Are?, by Dan Waddell.

The story of the Bonds of Earth. by Allen Kerr Bond.

The Peerage of England, Scotland and Ireland, by Hugh Clark. 

A Genealogical and Historic History of the Land and Gentry of Great Briton & Ireland, by Bernard Burke.

Complete Peerage of England, Scotland and Ireland, by Katherine Kearsley & George Kearsley.

The Story of William I, by Eva Tappan.

William the Conqueror, by David Bates.

Copyright © Noel Bond. Researched and written by Noel Bond, No written part of this Blog may be reproduced in any form, by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the author.